Since Steppe Gold (TSXV: STGO) purchased Altan Tsaagan Ovoo (ATO) from Centerra Gold (TSX: CG) for $19.8 million in January 2017, the junior has made steady progress de-risking and building the heap leach, gold-silver project in eastern Mongolia.
Seven months after the acquisition last year, the company teed-up a US$23 million gold and silver stream agreement with Triple Flag Mining Financing, and then raised US$25 million in an initial public offering in May 2018 (12.5 million shares at $2.00 per share).
The company says it's on track to finish construction before January 2019, start leaching ore in April 2019, and pour first gold before the end of the second quarter.
In a recent market update, Steppe said ATO's crushing circuit is fully operational and the first ore is being crushed to specification. About 30,000 tonnes of mineralized material has been mined from the ATO 1 deposit and stacked on the run-of-mine pad.
Before selling ATO to Steppe Gold, Centerra spent over US$25 million on exploration and studies on the epithermal gold and polymetallic deposit, including 67,000 metres of drilling and 28,000 metres of trenching.
It also completed all the permitting required for a 30-year mining licence. In addition to the heap leach operating permit, the project has also received permission to build a CIL plant, which Steppe Gold will consider building in the coming years.
"It was an exceptional deal-they'd spent close to US$30 million on the project," Matthew Wood, Steppe Gold's chairman, president and CEO, said in a telephone interview from Sydney, Australia. "We've got a huge data set with the project. Centerra did an excellent job of collecting data but a poor job of interpreting it and we've had some huge wins out of that."
The ATO project currently is made up of three pipe deposits, ATO 1, 2 and 4, and has measured and indicated resources of 12.2 million tonnes grading 1.49 grams gold per tonne, 9.99 grams silver per tonne, 0.75% zinc and 1.34% lead for 587,000 ounces of contained gold, 3.93 million ounces of silver, 202 million pounds of lead and 362 million pounds of zinc.
Inferred resources add 1.05 million tonnes grading 1.03 grams gold, 25.18 grams silver, 0.52% lead and 1.11% zinc for 35,000 ounces of gold, 848,000 ounces of silver, 12 million pounds of lead and 26 million pounds of zinc.
Steppe Gold estimates the small heap leach operation at ATO will have a mine life of four and a half years and produce 147,000 ounces of gold and 673,000 ounces of silver at life-of-mine cash costs of US$333 per oz. Recoveries are estimated to be 70% for gold and 40% for silver.
But that, says Wood, is just the mine life on the small oxide open pit down to a depth of about 40 metres. Fresh rock beneath that takes the company down to a depth of 200 t0 300 metres, he says.
"The main part of the ore body is open at depth and open to at least 300 metres and that's fresh rock and that's what we're doing the feasibility study on now," he explains. "We think we could produce about 150,000 ounces of gold a year with a substantial mine life of plus 10 years."
In the meantime, Steppe Gold has re-interpreted the model at the ATO 4 pipe with new extensions and found more mineralization to the north at the Mungu deposit, neither of which are included in the 10 year mine life Wood envisages for the larger project.
The company believes ATO 4 is less a pipe than part of a 20 km long mineralized structure that includes the Mungu prospect, about 500 metres to the north of ATO 4, and another discovery 2-3 km north of Mungu, called Bayangol. The northern extension of the ATO 4 deposit to Mungu and to the north of Mungu remains open along strike and depth.
"We will continue to drill ATO 4 outside its interpreted boundaries and we're getting very good results," Wood says. "We've extended ATO 4 and Mungu where we've found additional material so we should get five years plus on the oxide."
In addition, the company is investigating the Bayanmunkh prospect, about 25 km northeast of the ATO and Mungu deposits, and the Tsagaan Temeet prospect, 17 km to the north of ATO and Mungu.
Since taking over the 5,492-hectare project about 660 km east of Ulaanbaatar, Steppe Gold has executed three drill programs.
Highlights at Mungu have included 46 metres grading 14.98 grams gold and 82.02 grams silver from 218 metres downhole in MG-49; and 62.5 metres grading 3.28 grams gold and 29.79 grams silver from 258 metres in MG-51. Other results from Mungu included 152 metres of 2.06 grams gold and 72.64 grams silver from 190 metres in MG-52 and 56 metres of 1.03 grams gold and 35.15 grams silver from surface in MG-67.
Drilling at ATO has returned intercepts of 1 metre grading 212 grams gold and 49.3 grams silver from 104 metres downhole in ATO-299; 1 metre of 183 grams gold and 33.9 grams silver from 166 metres in ATO 317; and 63 metres of 6.53 grams gold and 5.95 grams silver from 54 metres in ATO-297.
Steppe Gold plans to update the resource estimate for ATO in the first half of next year and issue a maiden resource estimate for the Mungu oxide deposit before the end of June 2019.
"We're not in Mongolia to build a small heap leach," Wood says. "The heap leach pays for the whole show, it gets us into production and builds a platform in Mongolia, and gives us credibility in the local community and with the local and federal governments. It makes us an employer and from there we expand into the much larger project."
Establishing credibility shouldn't be too difficult for Wood, who has already built a successful a coal company in the country (Hunnu Coal) and sold it for A$500 million (US$360 million) in 2011 to Banpu PLC, a mining and power company in Thailand and the southeast Asian nation's largest coal producer. (Wood also has lived in Mongolia for more than a decade, is married to a Mongolian, and was awarded the Order of the Polar Star, the highest state honour that can be awarded to a non-Mongolian.)
Elsewhere in Mongolia, Steppe Gold owns 80% of the Uudam Khundii (UK) gold project, 800 km southwest of Ulaanbaatar. The property is between and adjoining the Bayan Khundii gold discovery and the Altan Nar epithermal gold deposits that are being explored by Erdene Resource Development Corp. (TSX: ERD).
Steppe Gold plans to start a trenching program there in the first quarter of 2019 and drilling in the first half of the year.
Steppe Gold's partner in the project is the provincial government of Bayankhongor. "It's the first of its kind-the first joint venture ever with a provincial government being a 20% partner," Wood says. "It's really going to help us."
Where some see political risk operating in Mongolia, Wood sees only opportunity.
"I've done very well in the country and don't see the level of political risk others do," he says. "If you look at all these post-Soviet countries, Mongolia is probably the best functioning democracy out of all of them. Mongolia is doing very well-the economy is growing, they've got a good president running the country. There are a few problems, but the policy of the party is still pro-investment and pro foreign investment so I'm very bullish on the future of Mongolia."
As for the geology, there's no place in the world that has the potential of Mongolia to find truly world-class deposits, he says. "When I came here I thought, 'you've got this fantastic geology, and a mining economy next to the world's biggest consumer of resources, that must be a good place to do it."
Insiders and management own 13% of the company's common shares based on a corporate presentation in November. LIM Advisors owns 12%; Mongolian nationals 9%; Triple Flag Mining Finance 5%; Elliott Management Corp. 4%; and R&R Ventures Partners 3%.
R&R Ventures was founded by Richard Parsons and Ronald Lauder. Lauder is a scion of cosmetics giant Estee Lauder, chairman of Clinique, president of the World Jewish Congress and a well-known philanthropist.
At press time in Toronto, Steppe Gold was trading at 80 ? per share within a 52-week range of 76 ? and $2.01.
The junior has 41.5 million shares outstanding for a $33 million market cap.
Pierre Vaillancourt of Haywood Securities has a buy rating and target price of $1.75.
The "combination of cash flow from ATO and the strong potential from Mungu provide attractive upside for the stock in 2019," the mining analyst commented in a Dec. 6 research note.
But he also pointed out the importance of exploration and increasing the project's resource.
"As a result of the short mine life, the market will be looking for positive drill results, especially from Mungu, which will point to a larger resource to establish the ATO mine as a longer-term producer," Vaillancourt stated. "Disappointing drill results could negatively impact the stock."