Rio Tinto wants copper, and it's ready to pay top-dollar.
The global miner would be willing to fork out a large premium over market value to secure a prime asset as it tries to reduce its reliance on iron ore, company and banking sources told Reuters.
If it can't land a big copper project, it is weighing the cumulative power of a series of more modest acquisitions to increase its exposure to a metal expected to be in high demand from the electric vehicle and renewable energy industries, the sources said.
The approach under CEO Jean-Sebastien Jacques marks a shift for Rio Tinto , known for its cautious strategy since it was badly burnt in the commodity price crash earlier this decade after a series of damaging acquisitions.
"Growth is back on the agenda," Jacques told a mining dinner in London late on Thursday, but he said Rio would be selective.
Kevin Fox, managing director of Rio Tinto Ventures, a division set up to hunt for established mining projects to acquire, told Reuters it was tough to find quality assets.
"The exploration space is not full of wonderful opportunities," he said. "What are we looking at? It's trite to say the battery minerals sector is attracting a lot of interest and we are obviously looking at that. We include in that copper."
He declined to say how much Rio would pay or to specify any projects.
More than a year after the division was set up, it has yet to make an acquisition.
Banking sources say pressure is mounting for a copper deal.
One banker with knowledge of the matter said for high-quality assets, where there are large deposits of high-grade copper, Rio Tinto would be ready to pay a premium of 30-40 percent over any target's stock market value or, if unlisted, over the value of the project's copper reserves.
The banker declined to be named as the matter is confidential. Companies that hold prime copper projects can be worth from $1 billion to $10 billion, depending on the size of their reserves, analysts say.
Iron ore, which accounts for most of Rio's profit, has provided healthy margins for years but the outlook is uncertain as major buyer China is expected increasingly to rely on recycling rather than importing fresh ore.
Copper, by contrast, is regarded as a futureproof metal because of its widespread industrial use.
POTENTIAL TARGETS, RISKS
Among bigger options for Rio Tinto is Canada's First Quantum Minerals, according to the banking sources. The $10 billion miner's copper assets account for around 80 percent of its revenue.
Vancouver-based Nevsun Resources could also prove attractive, said bankers and analysts. Nevsun rejected a $1.16 billion joint offer from Lundin Mining and Euro Sun Mining Inc in May.
Quantum Minerals and Nevsun did not respond to requests for comment.
Rio Tinto could also look to increase its 51 percent stake in Mongolia's giant Oyu Tolgoi mine, the bankers said. It would much prefer to increase its 30 percent stake in Chile's Escondida, the world's biggest copper mine which is operated by BHP, the sources added, though the chances of a deal are remote.
The risks are that Rio will repeat the mistakes of the past.
It was hit hard in the market crash because of acquisitions in the preceding years and has had to work hard to rebuild its balance sheet and regain shareholder confidence.
The most costly deal saw it entangled in a bidding war for Canada's Alcan in 2007. It paid $38 billion - a third more than the closest rival bid - before writing down most of the asset's value six years later.
CEO Jacques, appointed in 2016, said he would be careful with shareholders' money. "We are not under pressure to grow for the sake of it," he said on Thursday.
LAGGING IN COPPER
Compared with BHP - its closest rival and the world's biggest listed miner - Rio Tinto has a heavier reliance on iron ore and lags on copper. BHP derives 44 percent of its core profit from iron ore, against Rio's 60 percent, and has more than twice as much copper output.
Rio does not break out its copper profits separately, but its copper and diamonds division generated about 10 percent of its core profit. BHP's copper accounted for around 17 percent.
Rio Tinto's shares have outperformed BHP's for more than a year, but bankers and analysts say the differences in their portfolios could cost Rio investors in coming years.
"While Rio's shareholder returns have been significant, we believe that the best is behind it," Goldman Sachs said in a note on why it prefers BHP to Rio.
Other major listed rivals like Anglo American and Glencore have more diverse portfolios than Rio; Glencore supplies more than 90 commodities, while Anglo American mines coal, platinum, iron ore, copper and diamonds.
Industry sources and analysts say the appointment of a new chief financial officer at Rio cements the authority of CEO Jacques.
"This change will now usher in the J-S Jacques era in full, coinciding with a time when questions on strategic direction ... are beginning to grow," said Tyler Broda, strategist at RBC Capital Markets.
However Frances Hudson, an investment director at Aberdeen Standard, which holds Rio Tinto shares, said the CEO faced a delicate balancing act.
"Investors are just as likely to criticise or punish companies for unfocused acquisitions where they have overpaid for unproven, non-earnings accretive benefits," she said.
(By Barbara Lewis and Clara Denina | Additional reporting by Dasha Afanasieva; Editing by Pravin Char)